Azure monitor monitors data with below pointers to name:
- Application monitoring data: Data about the performance and functionality of the code you have written, regardless of its platform.
- Guest OS monitoring data: Data about the operating system on which your application is running. This could be running in Azure, another cloud, or on-premises.
- Azure resource monitoring data: Data about the operation of an Azure resource.
- Azure subscription monitoring data: Data about the operation and management of an Azure subscription, as well as data about the health and operation of Azure itself.
- Azure tenant monitoring data: Data about the operation of tenant-level Azure services, such as Azure Active Directory.
Application Insight data collection more on application related and performance oriented.
So you can see Azure monitor being set and application insight being sub-set of the information ways to see it.
There are quite better documentations available on Microsoft Azure portal:
For: Azure Monitor, which covers Application Insight details are mentioned there.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/overview
Santosh Singh