It really mainly comes down to the release time frame and the targeted user base. There still are a lot of users who have not even upgraded to 8.1 on their PC because they never use the store and the update isn't delivered through Windows Update.
On the phone side we have seen that it can take several months before the majority of devices is on the newest version. Of course the 7.5 version of your App will still be available for users of 8.0 and 8.1 though.
The 8.1 Store App version should be a lot closer to what you see in Windows 10 but you'll likely do a pretty major reworking of your UI to make it viable across all platforms when you move from 8.1 to 10.
As for code reuse - business logic can be reused from 7.5. UI pretty much can't and most system calls are different as well. 8.0 already introduced some shared APIs with big windows (e.g. file access).
All in all I see no really clear cut way. If you believe you will take until after summer anyway jumping to 10 directly might be a viable approach.