Hi Kelly,
Firstly, do you have any error message or detail to share?
Secondly, does any other authentication method work, such as Universal with MFA?
When you authenticate with a contained database user, you must pass the database value that user has been added to in the connection string, or in the case of SSMS, navigate to Connection Properties and ensure the Connect to database value is not <default>
(see below).
If there is a firewall issue, you should experience a specific error that indicates the Public IP you are attempting to connect from is not present in the Allow List.
If you are attempting to connect using Integrated AD Auth, is the host where SSMS is installed a domain joined host?

If you have a specific error message, that will provide insight into where we need to focus the troubleshooting process. With the information here we should get an idea of what the issue is.
Regards,
Mike