1) Backup/restore the whole site (if you do not do custom dev (features, SharePoint solution)) why bother recreating manually everything between environments.
2) Backup/Restore the site collection with the content types on the new farm. Create a content type hub to publish the content types to the sites you wish on the new farm.
3) I really recommend using a feature. You can simply save the site as template, then open the generated .wsp with Visual Studio and remove all the elements and leave only the feature with the needed content types and site columns.
Florin DUCA - MCSE 2003 +Sec,MCTS conf/dev WSS3/MOSS, MCITP/MCPD SP 2010, MCPD ASP.Net 3.5, MCTS ISA 2006 - Logica Business Consulting, France