It just occurred to me that you might be asking how to check that the webauthtoken cookie has not been tampered with. Is that what you're asking?
I'm no expert on the matter, but it appears that if you tamper with the webauthtoken using Firebug/Firecookie, you'll see errors such as this in VS's Immediate Window:
Error: u64: Base64 conversion error: ...
Error: DecodeToken: Attempted to decode invalid token.
Error: ProcessToken: Failed to decode/validate token: ...
You can follow along in WindowsLiveLogin.cs if you like.
I believe if you can decode webauthtoken without error, then the resulting WindowsLive.WindowsLiveLogin.User.Id is valid. At least, I hope that would be the case.