OK, I probably should have been more specific. I have some degree with experience with ACS and with Federated Authentication in general, so this appears to be more than a simple bad mapping issue. Here is our rule set:

One would expect three claims to be returned, one for the identityprovider (Google), one for the nameidentifier (with the Google account id) and one for the name, which should be the user's Gmail address. Instead, we get three values for the name,
one which is correct, one which is a copy of the name identifier, and one which is the user's actual name, unmapped from the email.

I should probably add that a particularly bad third-party vendor "accidentally" made some unauthorized changes to the server while trying to set up their application as a Relaying Party.