how many sync groups do you have defined against the same table?
if you only have one sync group, the deprovisioning should have cleaned up the sync created objects and the clean up should have happen on both databases.
if the deprovisioning didnt completely remove the DataSync objects, there is a utility in the same folder where you installed the agent to deprovision them manually.
am guessing your updates are failing because of some mismatch in these objects.
for example, you deprovision a sync group. it cleaned up the SQL Azure data sync objects. but then the clean up on the on-premise failed for some reason.
when you reprovision, the sql azure part get's all brand new DataSync objects. for the on-premise though, it will try to reuse the existing DataSync objects there.
so let's say you have a 5 column table in the old scope, then you decided to exclude one column. so you deprovision. if the deprovisioning didnt clean up the sync objects, when you reprovision with just 4 columns, it will re-use the old 5-column object UDTs,
stored procs, etc...
provisioning would succeed, but sync will fail for example in an insert because the stored proc is expecting a 5-col UDT and its being passed 4 columns only.